The Human Genetic Engineering Debate Essay - 1823 Words

Science is moving forward at an increasing rate every day. Just in the past decade, there have been numerous new discoveries in astronomy, chemistry, geology, paleontology, and many more scientific fields. However, some of the fastest growing subjects are in the field of biological sciences, more specifically genetics. Over the past twenty years a new genetic science known as genetic engineering has come to prominence. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology, including a human’s genome. As a result, scientists have begun to experiment with altering human traits, known as â€Å"designer babies.† In response, many issues have arisen culturally, as perspectives argue whether or not the application†¦show more content†¦Dr. Philip M Rosoff, the director of clinical ethics at Duke University Hospital, has considered this issue. He created a â€Å"thought experiment† regarding the testing and indicates t hat the potential dangers of implementing genetic enhancements in humans, especially highly valued traits such as intelligence, would mandate thorough testing on animals, specifically chimpanzees. The tests on them would either show good or bad results, and depending upon those outcomes, the determination of the future of the science will be decided. Hypothetically speaking, if the experiments on increasing the intelligence of the chimpanzees are effective, then we as humans are left with some huge dilemmas. One, we will have to decide whether to continue testing on more apes or not, two, is the continuation of the science ethical, and three, what do we do with these new highly intelligent chimpanzees? Rosoff suggests multiple theories on what to do with the apes. We can put them in human enclosures fortified for chimps of higher intelligence, put them into the wild to start a new population of intelligent life forms, or, considering their level of intelligence is up to par, is to l et them into society and see how not only the chimps react, but society as well. â€Å"Everyday people would be onlookers toShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Human Genetic Engineering2124 Words   |  9 PagesLong Stance Paper on Human Genetic Engineering The debate on whether human genetic engineering should be researched and used as the main alternative solution to disease have been going on since the creation of the human genetic engineering phenomenon. The ethical question is clear: should money be invested in human genetic engineering and should we research it at all, even if it is formally criticized by all monotheistic religions? The ethical principles in conflict are beneficence (people withRead MoreThe Genetic Engineering Debate Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussions of genetic engineering, a controversial issue has been whether genetic engineering is ethical or not. In â€Å"The Person, the Soul, and Genetic Engineering,† JC Polkinghorne discusses about the moral status of the very early embryo and therapeutic cloning. J. H. Brooke’s article â€Å"Commentary on: The Person, the Soul, and Genetic Engineering† comments and state opinions that counter Polkinghorne’s article. On the other hand Jo hn Harris’s â€Å"â€Å"Goodbye Dolly?† The Ethics of Human Cloning† examinesRead MoreEssay on Genetic Engineering Should Not be Banned1641 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Engineering Should Not be Banned Genetic engineering is a hotly-debated topic. On the one hand, giant corporations, ambitious scientists and powerful politicians are pushing forward with projects they claim will benefit mankind, and on the other, public opinion, environmentalists and consumers associations are concerned that these projects are insufficiently safeguarded and pose irreversible risks to life on this planet. In this paper I will set out the main issues in the debateRead MoreThe Controversy Of Genetic Engineering1369 Words   |  6 Pages Genetic Engineering, for most individuals not knowledgeable on the topic, conjures visions of sci-fi movies and humans being grown in a lab far off in the future. What more and more individuals in the early 21st century are coming to realize is that Genetic Engineering has already exceeded our wildest imaginations in a dark corner of a lab, outside of the view of the main stream public. Indeed, in 2017, genetic engineering is in full swing on both plant and animal life. Only from hearingRead MoreThe Future of Genetic Engineering in Babie Is in Our Hands Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesBabies Group The Future of Genetic Engineering in Babies is in Our Hands The idea of designer babies has been around for a very long time, in various media, video games all the way to on-screen movies. Only recently through massive breakthrough of technology and science can genetically modified babies actually be possible for the future. The definition of the expression ‘designer baby’ is â€Å"a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with invitro fertilizationRead MoreThe Importance Of Genetic Engineering1282 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering is defined as the modification of the characteristics of an organism by altering its genetic material. Although the definition makes it seems clear and concise, it is far more complicated. This new advancement has caused a huge debate over the ethics and laws of what it is able to do. Genetic engineering is immensely important because of the potential benefits it contains and the advances it allows for in the future. The ultimate goal of genetic engineering is to prevent, treatRead MoreSale - Pro Plans Are 20% Off Today View Plans. Gradeproof1164 Words   |  5 PagesSentence Count: 28 Readability: 11.52 % Grade Level: 16.59 years Reading Time: 2 minutes Speaking Time: 4 minutes Type your title here... Genetic Engineering is a common theme of Gattaca, Splice, and Blade Runner. Gattaca takes place in a future where the best opportunities are given people that have the best genes, as a result from Genetic Engineering (cite). The main character Vincent has not been genetically engineered and has many health issues like Myopia (cite). He aspires to become anRead MoreHow Genetic Engineering Should Not Be Researched For Ethical Reasons1452 Words   |  6 PagesCell Anemia, a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. Without treatment, Jim would have a high chance of dying. However, Jim was given a second chance to achieve normality like his mother always wanted with the help of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering, â€Å"the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism† (Lincoln 1),can be used to treat genetic disorders such as sickle cell Anemia, but there is a large percentage of people that say genetic engineering should not beRead MoreA Research On Genetic Modification1260 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome permanently disabled, and thirty-seven to die. This tragic event is one of many issues that sparks the continuous debate on genetic modification, which concerns the purposes, benefits, and dangers of modifying an organism’s DNA . While advocates for the increased production of disease-resistant crops and advocates for immunizations by engineered genes consider genetic engineering as advantageous, many individuals believe that such technology poses a lot more physiological harm than it does benefitsRead More Genetic Engineering: Our Key to a Better World Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages What is genetic engineering one might ask and why is there so much moral controversy surrounding the topic? Genetic engineering as defined by Pete Moore, is the name given to a wide variety of techniques that have one thing in common: they all allow the biologist to take a gene from one cell and insert it into another (SS1). Such techniques included in genetic engineering (both good and bad) are, genetic screening both during the fetal stage and later in life, gene therapy, sex selection

What Is The Geography Of The Us - 824 Words

United States Geography The United States is located in the center of the North America continent. It is the second largest country in the continent and the fourth largest in the whole world after Russia, Canada, and China. Its total area is 3.797 million square miles (9.834 million square kilometers). The Bodies of Water in the U.S. In the United States, there is a really large river system called the Mississippi/Missouri river system. The system has the longest river in the North America and the fourth longest river in the whole world. The system covers almost â…” of the country’s total area. It has three main branches: the Mississippi River, the Missouri River, and the Ohio River. The Mississippi River starts in Minnesota, passes by†¦show more content†¦The most mountains are covered with trees, a little of them are covered with ice.this mountain range is the only mountain range in the us that has both sides in the us. The rocky mountains is in the west of the us.it runs along the pacific ocean. It is about a long time ago, the mountain range in formed. The mountain peaks are usually 4800 to 14,000 feet tall. The mountains are in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Montana. The highest mountain in the states is Mt Elbert, rises 14,439 feet above the sea level. The highest mountain in the US is Mt McKinley, located in alaska, rises 20,320 feet above the sea level, it is also the tallest mountain in the north america. The other main mountains in the us is the pacific coast volcanoes, which is located in Washington, Oregon, and California. The famous volcanoes in this range are mt rainier, mt hood, and mt shasta. These are the highest volcanoes in the us and the world.the volcanoes are usually formed in the place where the tectonic plates meets. And the us pacific ocean coast is on the border of the plates and that is why there are a lot of earthquake in california. The â€Å"strange beaches in the us† The strange beaches in the us is the green beach.the green beach is in the famous island of the us state of hawaii. It is on the hawaii island which is the biggest island in the state of hawaii! It is formed with little glassy crystals so it looks green. Is is green becauseShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Geography Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesKerrigan Moore Why is Geography Important? Mrs. Bezy Geography Honors Period 8 8/14/17 Why is Geography Important? In geography there are five main themes that we learn about: location, place, region, movement, and human and environment interaction. There are various reasons why we study geography. Geography is what we use to locate things around the world. It can tell us where a state is, to where an exact street is. Geography is a very useful resource. The first mainRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Modern Geography1175 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Schafer Dr. Michael Pretes GE 300W 10/11/2016 Jefferson and Modern Geography Geography is such a holistic discipline that it requires much concentration and focus on its subject matter. A geographer must focus on a specific topic that interests him or her and devote their brain power to discovering how the area of interest is influenced by its geographic environment through a spatial perspective. Thomas Jefferson is one such individual who committed throughout his life to view theRead MoreImportance Of Geography Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesJustin Merry What is geography?......... And why do we study it? Geography is knowledge of not only where places are, but also why and how they are there. And also predicting where places may be in the future. The word geography originated from the Greeks. It literally translates to â€Å"Earth Description†. Which makes sense because thats exactly what geography is. Geography is an all encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexities. Two termsRead MoreA Career in Geograpy Essay525 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of my passion for Geography is derived from the fact that it depicts relevance to all aspects of society. It is dynamic in a sense that my perception and understanding is constantly evolving with the growth in understanding and perception. What intrigues my further pursuit of geography is how Geography unlike other subjects has direct links to both human and physical attributes. By further pursuing geography at a higher education level, I wish to enrich my understanding of the wider significanceRead MoreThe Five Differences Between Physical And Human Geography1618 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical Geography and Human Geography Physical geography looks at the ordinary course of the Earth, such as weather and plate tectonics. Human geography looks at the impact and behavior of people and how they relate to the physical world. Location Location pinpoints different positions, people, and places on the earth surface. It is defined for geography using two terms, absolute and relative. Absolute location -vs- relative location â€Å"Absolute location answers the question â€Å"where is it†Ã¢â‚¬ (TheRead MoreGeography Is Not The Way For A Successful Career Opportunity1069 Words   |  5 Pages Often geography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is avoided by students who have decided that geosciences â€Å"a general term used to describe a wide range of specialized scientific fields within the broad areas of geology and resource management† (Clarke, Earle, and Wallace, 2006) is not the way to a successful career opportunity. Many students believe that obtaining a geography degree will get them nowhere, but I believe differently. Geography is not just learning the capital cities of Canada, drawing maps or even writingRead MoreImportance Of World Geography994 Words   |  4 Pages Madie Stark Mrs. Bezy World Geography Honors August 16, 2017 According to merriam-webster.com; geography is a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth’s surface. In other words, it is the physical features and characteristics of certain areas that make the area unique. Small towns, big cities, and everything in-between each has its own culture, location, and special touches thatRead MoreThe Five Themes Of Geography827 Words   |  4 Pages What is geography? Geography is when you study features of the earth and its atmosphere, human species and how human activity affect and are affected by these things. 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This causes separation of families, increased border control in European countries, and resentment against people of color in European countriesRead MoreFour Traditions of Geography Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesFour Tradition of Geography The Four Traditions of Geography has many different assumptions and aspects of geography; aspects ranging from basic mapping and geometry, to the impact on nature of humans and the processes of the earth itself. Geographers can study and explain their research by selecting a certain tradition that leads to many different fields of geography. â€Å"There are four traditions whose identification provides an alternative to the competing monistic definitions that have

Chaos Theory Essay Research Paper Chaos Theory free essay sample

Chaos Theory Essay, Research Paper Chaos Theory and Fractal Phenomena Chaos theory is the qualitative survey of unstable nonperiodic behaviour in deterministic nonlinear systems. To understand the definition of pandemonium can be understood if broken down: A dynamical system may be defined to be a simplified theoretical account of the time-varying behaviour of an existent system and an nonperiodic behaviour is the behaviour that occurs when no variable depicting the province of the system undergoes a regular repeat of values. An nonperiodic behaviour will neer reiterate itself and continues and hence the anticipation of this system is impossible ; although, forms are present. A good illustration of an nonperiodic behaviour is history. Yes, history repetitions itself but neer precisely as it was earlier. These behaviours can be found in simple mathematical systems but they display really complex and unpredictable behaviours that the description of them can be called random. It has merely been late that the survey of the Chaos theory has arose. The ground for this is engineering and computing machines. The computations involved in analyzing this theory is highly insistent and can figure in the million. This occupation can non be done by a human but can easy be done with a computing machine. They are highly good at eternal repeat and that is precisely what Chaos theory entails. One said that computing machines are the telescope to analyzing Chaos. There is a basic rule that describes pandemonium theory and that is known as the Butterfly Effect. The butterfly consequence means a little fluctuation in initial conditions, ensuing in immense, dynamic transmutations in reasoning events. The term butterfly is evidently used due to the transmutation from a caterpillar to a butterfly. A folklore that has been used to better explicate this butterfly consequence goes like this: For a privation of a nail, the shoe was lost ; For privation of a shoe, the Equus caballus was lost ; For privation of a Equus caballus, the rider was lost ; For privation of a rider, the conflict was lost ; For privation of a conflict, the land was lost! This started with a little fluctuation: no nail and ended in a immense transmutation the land was lost. An identifiable symbol linked with the Butterfly Effect is the Lorenz Attractor, by Edward Lorenz. He was a funny meteorologist who was looking for a manner to pattern the action of the helter-skelter behaviour of a gaseous system. The Lorenz drawing card is based on three differential equations, three invariables, and three initial conditions. The drawing card represents the behaviour of gas at any given clip, and its status at any given clip depends upon its status at a old clip. If the initial conditions are changed by even a bantam sum, say every bit bantam as the opposite of Avogadro s figure, the figure of atoms in a mole, look intoing the drawing card at a ulterior clip will give Numberss wholly different. This is because little differences will propagate themselves recursively until Numberss are wholly dissimilarly to the original system with the original initial conditions. However, the secret plan of the drawing card will look really much the same. Both systems will hold wh olly different values at any given clip, and yet the secret plan of the drawing card the overall behaviour of the system will stay the same. His three simple equations were taken from the natural philosophies field of unstable dymanics. He simplified these equations and came up with the 3-dimensional system: dx/dt = delta * ( y-x ) dy/dt = R * s-y-x * omega dz/dt = s * y-b * omega The delta in the above equation represents the Prandtly figure, which is the ratio of the unstable viscousness of a substance to its thermic conduction. You do non hold to cognize the exact value of this changeless and hence Lorenz decided to utilize 10. The R represents the difference in the temperature between the top and underside of the gaseous system. Lorenz plugged 8/3 for this variable. The ten represents the rate of the rotary motion of the cylinder and the Y is the difference in the temperature at the opposite sides of the cylinder. The omega represents the divergence of the system from a additive, vertically graphed line stand foring temperature. If this was graphed no geometric system would look, alternatively, a weaving object known as the Lorenz Attractor would look. Since the system neer precisely repeats itself, the flight neer intersects itself. Alternatively it loops around everlastingly. Here is a Lorenz Attractor which is run through a 4th order Runge-Kutta fixed-t imestep planimeter with a measure of.0001, publishing every 100th informations point. It ran for 100 seconds and merely took the last 4096 points. The original parametric quantity were a=16, r=45 and b=4. These were used in equations really similar to Lorenz s equations: ten = a ( y-x ) y = rx-y-xz omega = xy-bz Lorenz was non rather convinced of his consequences and he did a follow up experiment in order to back up his old decisions. Lorenz established an experiment that was rather simple ; it is known as the Lorenzian Waterwheel. Lorenz took a water wheel ; it had about eight pails spaced equally around its rim with a little hole at the underside of each. The pails were mounted on swivels, similar to a Ferris-wheel place, so that the pails would ever pint upwards. The full system was placed under a waterspout. A slow, changeless watercourse of H2O was propelled from the waterspout ; hence, the water wheel began to whirl at a reasonably changeless rate. Lorenz decided to increase the flow of H2O, and, as predicted in his Lorenz Attractor, an interesting phenomena arose. The increased speed of the H2O resulted in a helter-skelter gesture for the water wheel. The water wheel would go around in one way as earlier, but so it would all of a sudden yank about and go around in the opposite way. Th e filling and voidance of the pails was no longer synchronized ; the system was now helter-skelter. Lorenz observed his cryptic water wheel for hours, and, no affair how long he recorded the places and contents of the pails, there was neer an case where the water wheel was in the same place twice. The water wheel would go on on in helter-skelter behaviour without of all time reiterating any of its old conditions. A graph of the water wheel would resemble the Lorenz Attractor. Chaos and entropy are no longer thoughts of a conjectural universe ; they are rather realistic. A footing of pandemonium is established in the Butterfly Effect, the Lorenz Attractor, and the Lorenz Waterwheel ; hence, there must be an huge universe of pandemonium beyond the basic basicss. This new signifier mentioned is extremely complex, insistent and full of machination. The extending and folding of a helter-skelter systems give unusual attracts, such as Lorenz Attractor, the separating feature of a non-integral dimension. This non-integral dimension is most normally referred to as a fractal dimension. Fractals appear to be more popular in the universe of mathematics for their aesthetic nature that they are for their mathematics. Everyone who has seen a fractal has admired the beauty of a colorful, intriguing image, but what is the expression that makes this image? The classical Euclidean geometry that one learns in school is rather different than the fractal geometry chiefly because fractal geometry concerns non-li near, non-integral systems while Euclidian geometry chiefly is concerned with additive and built-in systems. Euclidian geometry is a description of lines, eclipsiss, circles, etc. However, fractal geometry is a description of algorithms. There are two basic belongingss that constitute a fractal. First, is self-similarity, which is to state that most exaggerated images of fractals are basically identical from the unmagnified version. A fractal form will look about, or equally precisely, the same no affair what size it is viewed at. This insistent form gives fractals their aesthetic nature. Second, as mentioned earlier, fractals have non-integer dimensions. This means that they are wholly different from the graphs of lines that we have learned about in cardinal Euclidean geometry categories. By taking the mid-points of each side of an equilateral trigon and linking them together, one gets an interesting fractal known as the Sierpenski Triangle. The loops are repeated an infinite figure of times and finally a really simple fractal arises. The Sierpenski Triangle: In add-on to the Sierpenski Triangle, the Koch Snowflake is besides a well-known simple fractal image. The terminal building of the Koch Snowflake resembles the coastline of a shore. The Koch Snowflake: These two cardinal fractals provide a footing for much more complex, and luxuriant fractals. Two of the taking research workers in field of fractals were Gaston Maurice Julia and Benoit Mandelbrot. Gaston Maurice Julia was injured in World War I and was forced to have on a leather strap across his face for the remainder of his life to protect and cover is injury. He spent a big bulk of his life in infirmaries ; hence a batch of his mathematical research took topographic point in a infirmary. At the age of 25, Julia published a 199 page chef-doeuvre entitled Memoire Sur cubic decimeter loop diethylstilbestrols fonctions. The paper dealt with the loop of a rational map. With the publication of this paper came his claim to fame. Julia spent his life analyzing the loop of multinomials and rational maps. If f ( ten ) is a map, assorted behaviours arise when degree Fahrenheit is iterated or repeated. If one were to get down with a peculiar value of ten, say x=infinity, so the following would ensue: a, degree Fahrenheit ( x ) , f ( x ) ) , f ( degree Fahrenheit ( f ( x ) ) ) , etc. Repeatedly using degree Fahrenheit to eternity outputs big values. Hence, the set of Numberss is partitioned into two parts, and the Julia set associated to f is the boundary between the two sets. The filled Julia set includes those Numberss x=infinity for which the iterates of degree Fahrenheit applied to a remain delimited. The undermentioned fractals belong to Julia s set. Julia became celebrated around the 1920 s, nevertheless upon his decease, he was basically forgotten. It was non until 1970 that the work of Gaston Maurice Julia was revived and popularized by Polish born Benoit Mandelbrot. Benoit Mandelbrot was born in Poland in 1924. When he was 12 his household emigrated to France and his uncle, Szolem Mandelbrot, took duty for his instruction. It is said that Mandelbrot was non really successful in his schooling ; in fact, he may hold neer learned his generation tabular arraies. When Benoit was 21, his uncle showed Julia s of import 1918 paper refering fractals. Benoit was non excessively impressed with Julia s work, and it was non until 1977 that Benoit became interested in Julia s finds. Finally, with the assistance of computing machine artworks, Mandelbrot was able to demo how Julia s work was a beginning of some of the most beautiful fractals know today, The Mandelbrot set is made up a affiliated points in the complex plane. The simple equation that is the footing of the Mandelbrot set is included below: Changing figure + Fixed figure = Result In order to cipher points for a Mandelbrot fractal, start with one of the Numberss on the complex plane and put its value in the Fixed Number slot of the equation. In the Changing Number slot, start with nothing. Following, cipher the equation. Take the figure obtained as the consequence and stopper it into the Changing Number slot. Now, repetition this operation an infinite figure of times. When iterative equations are applied to points in a certain part of the complex plane, a fractal from the Mandelbrot set consequence. A few fractals from the Mandelbrot set are included below: George Cantor, a 19th century mathematician, became fascinated by the infinite figure of points on a line section. Cantor began to inquire what would go on when an infinite figure of line sections were removed from an initial line interval. Cantor devised an illustration portrayed classical fractals made by an iteratively taking away something. His operation created dust of points ; hence, the name Cantor Dust. In order to understand Cantor Dust, start with a line ; take the in-between 3rd ; so the remove the in-between tierce of the staying sections ; and so on. The operation is shown below: The Cantor set is merely the dust of points that remain. The figure of these points are infinite, but their entire length is zero. Mandelbrot saw the Cantor set as a theoretical account for the happening of mistakes in an electronic transmittal line. Engineers saw periods of errorless transmittal, assorted with period when mistakes would come in blasts. When these blasts of mistakes were analyzed, it was determined that they contained error-free periods within them. As the transmittals were analyzed to smaller and smaller grades, it was determined that such dusts, as in the Cantor Dust, were indispensable in patterning intermittence. There are many other utilizations of Chaos Theory that apply to every twenty-four hours life. For illustration, fractals make up a big portion of the biological universe. Clouds, arterias, venas, nervousnesss, parotid secretory organ canals, and the bronchial tree, all show some type of fractal organisation. In add-on, fractals can be found in regional distribution of pneumonic blood flow, pneumonic dental consonant construction, surfaces of proteins, mammographic parenchymal form as a hazard for chest malignant neoplastic disease, and in the distribution of anthropod organic structure lengths. Some other more common utilizations of Chaos Theory are the Chaos lavation machine, Stock Market Chaos, and Solar System Chaos. In 1933, Goldstar Co. created a lavation machine that utilized the Chaos theory. This rinsing machine purportedly produced cleaner and less tangled apparels. Stock Market analysts have found grounds of pandemonium in the stock market. Chaos Theory is besides, really familiar to uranologists. Most have long known that the solar system does non run with preciseness of a Swiss ticker. The fractals and loops are fun to look at ; the Cantor Dust and Koch Snowflakes are fun to believe about, but what breakthroughs can be made in footings find? Is chaos theory anything more than a new manner of thought? The hereafter pandemonium theory is unpredictable, but if a discovery is made is will be immense. Bibliography 1. The Chaos Experience. Online. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //tqd.advanced.org/3120/ . 19Feb 1999 2. Chaos Theory. Online. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //easyweb.easynet.co.uk/ zac/chapt17.htm 19Feb 1999 3. The Chaos Theory Uses. Online. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //tqd.advanced.org/3122/ . 19Feb 1999 4. Chaos Theory and Fractal Phenomena. Online. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.igbar.net/pub/camelot/chaos.nun

Water and management precipitation input Essay Example For Students

Water and management precipitation input Essay Outline1 Abstraction:2 Arithmetical mean:3 Using this measuring tool to the arithmetic mean:4 Thiessen Polygons:5 The method is straightforward and easy to utilize:6 Isohyetal method7 The method is more complicated than the first two:8 8.5cm-convert to mm- 85mm9 A ; religious order ; =21.2510 Hypsometric Method11 Analysis/Conclusion:12 Averaged 15,027,250 Entire volume cm313 Mentions: Abstraction: One of the cardinal issues in inundation direction is cognition of the precipitation input into catchments for hydrologists cognition of this serves to extenuate risky and environmental calamities, it is therefore imperative to adequately find precipitation input with appropriate and applicable statistical tools. The aim of this survey is to find the existent precipitation input and suggest the most appropriate method of finding precipitation input for the theoretical account catchment provided. We will write a custom essay on Water and management precipitation input specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Standard and normally used methods of obtaining the areal precipitation input over a catchment country from rain gage measurings at the precipitation Stationss are the Arithmetical mean, Thiessen Polygon, Isohyetal, and the Hypsometric methods. These methods serve as good estimates where the topography of a catchment is level, if the gages are uniformly distributed and the single gage gimmicks do non differ extensively from the mean. Arithmetical mean: This is the simplest signifier of giving a value of the mean rainfall over a certain country, and works good under the undermentioned conditions: When the catchment country is sampled by many uniformly spaced rain gages When the country has no marked diverseness in topography ( Davie, 2008 ) Using this measuring tool to the arithmetic mean: There are 7 rain gages with the average value being 27.14 The entire catchment country is = 456km 456 million square metres, 27mm = 0.027 metres So 456,000,000 tens 0.027m  § = 12,312,000 M3 Thiessen Polygons: The method was devised by an American applied scientist, the method provides for the non-uniform distribution of gages by finding a weighting factor for each gage. This factor is based on the size of the country within the drainage basin that is closest to a given rain gage. These countries are otherwise known as irregular polygons. The method is straightforward and easy to utilize: The catchment is divided into polygons by lines that are equidistant between brace of next Stationss The lines/polygons are bisected Workout the country of each polygon by numbering the squares within each Sums up the countries Compare to arithmetic method to corroborate the two are the same Convert the single polygonal countries to million sq metres and multiply by the born-again precipitation rain gages for illustration: o 178,000,000 x0.055 =9,790,000 Once this is done add them wholly to deduce the entire volume of precipitation input within the catchment. Isohyetal method This considered one of the most accurate methods ; nevertheless as one will frequently happen the method is capable to single abilities and the cognition of the general catchment. ( Shaw, 1994 ) The method is more complicated than the first two: To deduce of an accurate appraisal of the rainfall input one must foremost happen the distance between two rain gages in millimeter and finally extrapolate and generalize the line to give the next rainfall degrees, which can subsequently be plotted back onto the catchment sheet. i.e. method of summing up: acquire the equidistant line between the two rain gages take for illustration the distance in millimeter between gage A and B 8.5cm-convert to mm- 85mm happen the difference between the two rainfall gages 55-30=25 now to work out the a A ; frac14 ; of 85, one would split 85/100 and multiply this by 25 A ; religious order ; =21.25 Which is later a A ; frac14 ; of the equidistant line between the two rainfall gages This figure can be used to deduce the 2/4 point, the A ; frac34 ; point etc. By merely duplicating the 21.25 figure you arrive at the 2/4 or 50 % point and so to acquire the 75 % point adds 21.25 to the 50 % point. .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .postImageUrl , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:hover , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:visited , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:active { border:0!important; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:active , .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8093bb4d87f627e457be6ffa4777c87c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Systems Analyst EssayOne must now spread out on the quartiles between the rainfall gages: This is done by utilizing the difference ( 25 ) calculated earlier. One-half of this gives 12.5 which when added to the first gage, or gage B ( 30mm ) you get 42.5. One-half of 12.5 gives 6.25, which when added to 30 gives 36.25, and so on until it matches against the next measurement line. ( *see auxiliary sheets to see for techniques and farther account ) -once this is done secret plan the rainfall values utilizing the next measurings and articulation lines of equal rainfall Then advancement to number the countries between the isohyets and happen the mean the two. Convert the single countries to million sq metres and multiply by the born-again mean precipitation values for illustration: 31,000,000 ten 0.059 = 1,829,000 cm3 Do the same with all the values ; add them to acquire the entire volume of precipitation input. Hypsometric Method The method uses catchment topography and the rainfall measurings to deduce of a entire leaden precipitation input. It reasonably accurate nevertheless is besides dependent on the abilities of an person, whilst pulling the hypsometric curve. The hypsometric curve allows for next precipitation values to read from the graph. The country underneath the curve of precipitation gives the country of an single gage, and can be calculated thenceforth in the same system as the old two methods: Analysis/Conclusion: It is clear from the consequences that the arithmetic mean is the likely to be less accurate than the other 3 methods, this is due to the catchment holding qualities, such as topography and good distributed gages which are features that prove desirable to the other three methods. I have averaged the precipitation inputs to acquire a more accurate figure: Averaged 15,027,250 Entire volume cm3 It has been really hard to detect a tendency of between the methods, nevertheless three major forms have been observed, the arithmetic mean varies much from the Thiessen weights and other two weights, demoing that on one degree the arithmetic mean is less accurate and takes the values into a much broader graduated table, whereas the other three methods are much more specific. The relation between the weights is really dispersed because the precipitation input is governed by assorted factors and complex activities, and each method besides demands certain qualities within a catchment for it to be applied suitably, take for illustration the Isohyetal method which is subjective to single abilities and cognition of the catchment country, which in this instance is non wholly possible, given the limited background information. Mentions: Davie, T. , ( 2008 ) Fundamentalss of Hydrology Volume 1 of Routledge basicss of physical geographics series, 2, illustrated, Routledge, pp28-30 Brooks, K. N. , ( 2003 ) Hydrology and the direction of water partings, ed.3, illustrated, Wiley-Blackwell, pp30-34 ASCE ( 1996 ) Hydrology enchiridion, Iss. 28 Vol. 28 of Time Life Complete Gardener, American Society of Civil Engineers Publications, pp 40-48 Shaw, E.M. , ( 1994 ) Hydrology in Practice, Taylor A ; Francis, illustrated, 3rd ed. , pp208-212

Population Growth and Movement in the Industrial Revolution

Population Growth and Movement in the Industrial Revolution During the first Industrial Revolution, Britain experienced massive changes- scientific discoveries, expanding gross national product, new technologies, and new buildings and structure types. At the same time, the population changed- it grew in number, became more urbanized, healthier, and better-educated. There is evidence for some in-migration of the population from the rural areas and foreign countries as the Industrial Revolution got underway. But, while the growth was certainly a contributing factor in the revolution, providing the vast industrial expansion a workforce it urgently needed, the revolution also worked to increase urban populations too. Higher wages and better diets brought people together to meld into new urban cultures. Population Growth Historical studies indicate that between 1700 and 1750, the population of England stayed relatively flat, with little growth. Precise figures dont exist for the period before the establishment of a nationwide census, but it is clear from existing historic records that Britain experienced a demographic explosion in the latter half of the century. Some estimates suggest that between 1750 and 1850, the population in England more than doubled. Given that the population growth occurred when England experienced the first industrial revolution, the two are likely connected. People did relocate from the rural regions into large cities to be closer to their new factory workplaces, but studies have ruled out sheer immigration as the largest factor. The population increase came from internal factors, such as changes in marriage age, improvements in health allowing more children to live, and an increase in the number of births. More and Younger Marriages In the first half of the 18th century, Britons had a relatively late age of marriage compared to the rest of Europe, and a large percentage of people never married at all. But suddenly, the average age of people marrying for the first time fell, as did the rates of people never marrying, which ultimately led to more children. The birth rate in Britain also rose to out-of-wedlock births. As young people moved into the cities, they met more people and increased their chances of matches over sparsely populated rural areas. Although estimates of the precise percentage of real term wage increase vary, scholars agree that it rose as a result of growing economic prosperity, allowing people to feel comfortable starting families. Falling Death Rates Over the period of the industrial revolution, the death rates in Britain began to fall and people began to live longer. This might be surprising given that the newly crowded cities were rife for disease and illness, with an urban death rate higher than the rural areas, but overall health improvements and a better diet (from improved food production and wages to buy it) offset that. The rise in live births and drop in death rate has been attributed to a number of factors, including the end of the plague (this happened too many years before), or that the climate was altering, or that hospitals and medical technology had made advances such as smallpox vaccines. But today, the increase in marriage and birth rates is held to be the main reason for the sheer growth in population numbers. Spreading Urbanization Technological and scientific developments meant industries were able to build factories outside of London, and so multiple cities in England became increasingly larger, creating urban environments in smaller centers, where people went to work in factories and other mass places of work. The population of London doubled in the 50 years from 1801 to 1851, and at the same time, the populations in the towns and cities across the nation blossomed as well. These areas were frequently bad as the expansion happened so quickly and people were crammed together into tiny living spaces, with dirt and disease, but they were not poor enough to stop the lengthening of the average lifespan. It was the industrial revolutions population movement which began the era of the urban population, but the continued growth within the urban environments can be more justifiably credited to birth and marriage rates within those environments. After this period, the relatively small cities were no longer relatively small. Now Britain was filled with many huge cities producing enormous quantities of industrial products, products and a way of life soon to be exported to Europe and the world. Sources Clark, Gregory. Chapter 5 - the Industrial Revolution. Handbook of Economic Growth. Eds. Aghion, Philippe, and Steven N. Durlauf. Vol. 2: Elsevier, 2014. 217-62. Print.de Vries, Jan. The Industrial Revolution and the Industrious Revolution. The Journal of Economic History 54.2 (2009): 249–70. Print.Feinstein, Charles H. Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain During and after the Industrial Revolution. The Journal of Economic History 58.3 (2009): 625–58. Print.Goldstone, Jack A. Efflorescences and Economic Growth in World History: Rethinking the Rise of the West and the Industrial Revolution. Journal of World History 13.2 (2002): 323–89. Print.Kelly, Morgan, Joel Mokyr, and Cormac Ó Grda. Precocious Albion: A New Interpretation of the British Industrial Revolution. Annual Review of Economics 6.1 (2014): 363–89. Print.Wrigley, E. A. Energy and the English Industrial Revolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soci ety A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371.1986 (2013). Print. Wrigley, E. A, and Roger Schofield. The Population History of England 1541–1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print.

i am a good guy

i am a good guy Station 1Station 1 Part 1 (10ml Graduated Cylinder)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Total mass60.61g60.8560.5Mass of 100ml Beaker52.2652.2752.10 0.01gVolume9.8010.009.90Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Total mass60.25g61.0660.17Mass of 100ml Beaker50.0750.1351.00 0.01gVolume10.010.110.0Sample Calculation of Trial one with the 50ml graduated cylinTrial 1:Gross Mass: 60.35 Beaker Mass: 50.07Difference between mass: total mass- Beaker Mass = difference between mass60.2552.07= (60.35g-52.07g)(0.01g+0.01g)=10.1810.18Volume: 10.180.5ml=10.00.51% mlDensity = difference between Mass/Volume= (10.18/10.0)=1.0185.2%=1.02 (g/ml)Sample Calculation for Percentage Error:The density of water is 1g/mlDensity= Mass/VolumeActual Result: 0.8420.006(g/ml)The formula for calculating percentage error is (your result- accepted result)/accepted result.(1-0.847)/1*100%=15.3%Trial1Trial 2Trial3Observation #10.8520.8580.854Observation #21.021.080.917Percentage Error:Trial1Trial 2Trial3Observation #114.8%14.2%14.6%Observation #22%8%8.3 %Station 2Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Total mass (with Beaker)60.350.01_g61.090.01g _60.350.01gMass initial (dry 100mlbeaker)52.26 _0.01g_52.27 _0.01g52.100.01gVolume9.80 _0.05ml_10.000.05ml9.900.05mlTrial 1Trial 2Trial 3Total Mass63.260.0161.2500160.240.01Mass initial52.200.0152.070.0151.900.01Volume10ml10ml10mlSample Calculation:Volumetric Pipette Trial 1Density Calculation:Mass -Mass Initial = Net mass of waterSome Mixture Properties of Ethanol and Water de:Da...63.260.01g -52.200.01g=(63.26-52.20)(_0.01_+_0.01)_ _=11.06 _0.02_gmass of water / volume of water = density of water11.06g / 10ml= 1 g/mlLiquid Density = 1g/mlPercentage Error Calculation:(Real Value-Ideal Value)/Idea Value(1-1)/1=0DensityTrial 1Trial 2Trial 3Observation 10.8320.006g/ml_0.8820.006g/ml _0.8820.006g/ml _Observation 21g/ml1g/ml1g/mlStation 350ml ethanol100ml waterMass final40.9941.2041,1459.1659.2159.24Mass initial...

Communication Activity BYP8-5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communication Activity BYP8-5 - Assignment Example Cash is considered the most liquid current asset. Cash is needed to pay off the short term and long term obligations of a company. Upon review of your internal control system to handle cash our firm found several deficiencies. The person that deposits the checks has properly endorsed checks that are ready for the deposit, but the person does not know the accuracy of his check deposit because he does not have a list of the checks. Adding a list of checks would provide a way to verify if the checks that are supposed to be deposited are there. The person that is handling this transaction is the wrong person. Currently your company is allowing the cashier and the account receivable clerk to handle this transaction. This is a risky move because since these employees are dealing with cash and receivable they could collude against the company and create a fraud scheme to steal money from the firm. Since they are handling all aspects of the cash dealing it would be easy for them to steal wit hout anyone noticing. To fix the problem these employees should no longer handle the check deposits. The weekly deposit routine can be improved by switching to a daily deposit routine. Regards, John May, Auditor Tel. (856-932-1412)